Thursday, January 14, 2010

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how plants Feel the temperature rise


The plants are extremely sensitive and can detect even the most minimal changes. In a study published in the January magazine
Cell, shows how plants can not only 'feel' the temperature rise, but may increase depending on the temperature coordinate a response suitable cell - through the activation of hundreds of genes e la disattivazione di altri. I risultati possono aiutare a spiegare come le piante rispondono quando si verificano dei cambiamenti climatici e a creare piante da coltura che saranno in grado di sopportare in misura maggiore lo stress dovuto alle alte temperatura, dicono i ricercatori.
" Abbiamo scoperto il principale regolatore di tutto il trascrittoma della temperatura
," ha affermato Philip Wigge del
Arabidopsis thaliana
i ricercatori have shown that a key element of the sensitivity of plants to temperatures, the detection ability is conferred by a specialized histone proteins, known as H2A.Z, which wraps DNA into a more compact structure known as the nucleosome . When temperatures rise, histone H2A.Z allow the DNA to unfold gradually. " When the temperature increases the DNA undergoes a course," says
Wiggi
what allows some genes turn on and off other genes. Wiggi suspect that the alteration nucleosome structure allows access to sites on the DNA to activate certain genes and a repressor of other genes.
"
addition to H2A.Z, the results suggest that the degree of relaxation of the DNA may be sensitive to temperature variation ," the researchers write. " This result suggests a direct mechanism by which the temperature can influence gene expression , as it has been demonstrated that RNA Pol II [the enzyme responsible for transcription of DNA into messenger RNA] not actively invade nucleosomes, but expects the local unwinding of DNA from nucleosomes prima di estendere la trascrizione
.
In questo modo, i geni con RNA Pol II in pausa mostreranno una aumento della  trascrizione a temperature più elevate
".

La scoperta di base potrebbe in ultima analisi avere importanti implicazioni per la sicurezza alimentare mondiale, hanno detto i ricercatori.

Poiché il numero di persone in tutto il mondo continua a crescere e con esso anche lo stile di vita diventa sempre più esigente, " si prevede che l'agricoltura mondiale dovrà incrementare la resa dal 70 al 100% nei prossimi 100 anni ", ha detto Wiggi. "Because of
climate change will be challenging to maintain current yields, not to mention an increase in their
. Crops like wheat are particularly vulnerable to very hot summers and dry, he added, as evidenced by the fact that wheat stocks recently fell to its lowest level in 30 years.
The discovery that the expression of DNA in plants may be altered due to changes in temperature, could be crucial for the production of crops resistant to certain environmental conditions. His team plans to explore this possibility, studying the role of these histone H2A.Z in model plants, which are more closely related to crops.
Posted by admin at 9:08 AM

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