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This after participating in the project CARNIVAL of biodiversity ', as explained in the post (
carnival of biodiversity: the call Invite everyone to go read this post on the blog
, where you can find links to relevant posts of bloggers patecipanti initiative. The concept of biodiversity is something disconcerting, including the variety and variability of living organisms and complex ecological systems in which they live. Biodiversity is determined by molecular elements, known as nucleotides, which are , the molecular basis of heredity to the ecosystem as a whole. Very often we forget but thanks to the infinite variety of living species, from microorganisms to plants and animals that inhabit our planet that can be the existence of life on earth, including man, in fact exploit the ecosystem services whose level of functioning and health is determined by countless species of animals, plants that make them up like so many pieces of a puzzle through their actions of "daily life" provide resources for our sustenance.
The diversity of plant and animal species occur in myriad forms beautiful, the consequences of the adaptations that have evolved in living organisms as a solution of the main problems of existence. Infinite beautiful forms mainly the result of evolutionary processes of adaptation and therefore, because nature does not design anything to chance, and if we observe carefully the many species that share our planet earth that we will see the wonders that nature has in store for go beyond mere appearance. An example? take into consideration the arthropods, in particular, a subclass that certainly can not please everyone, insects!
About 76% of animal species is represented by insects living the almost everywhere, only the open oceans and the deep sea have been little exploited, for the rest of colonized quasi tutto il pianeta, infatti se non ci si sofferma solo all'aspetto estetico ci si potrà rendere conto che il successo degli insetti è determinato da un insieme unico di fattori che possono essere facilmente identificati nella loro morfologia. Infatti questi piccoli animali, anche se ce ne sono alcuni di notevoli dimensioni (insetti stecco che possono raggiungere anche i 33cm) possiedono tutto ciò di cui si ha bisogno per sopravvivere. Tante e innumerevoli sarebbero lecaratteristiche da analizzare, in questo post ne vedremo alcune, spero bastino a rendere l'idea di quanto affascinante sia la natura che ci circonda in ogni suo aspetto. 1)DIMENSIONI CORPO: Essere piccoli può presentare many benefits in kind and insects are well aware! The small size allows the insects to occupy many different habitats that would be prohibitive for many animals. In addition, small size may facilitate the transfer from one place to another.
2) THE FLIGHT: Without a doubt one of the most important zoologists and many even consider it their main element of success. Nutrition, comrades with whom to mate unifrom are not distributed within the same area, have the possibility of flying back and forth in case a very large area, increases the chance of finding them, the flight also represents an effective escape from predators and allows the population to disperse the widening distribution of a species and thereby reducing competition for food. In addition, the flight allows migrations over long distances, for example, desert locusts can fly for hundreds of miles before reaching a new feeding area, or how monarch butterflies that fly from New England to Mexico when approaching the winter. E 'because of it if the mosquitoes do not make us stay the summer, because the insects have mouthparts that are capable of drilling, chopping a wide variety of materials natural, including wood. The exoskeleton has many advantages, taking the form of arches, rings, hollow cylinders, provides protection to the insect-like armor and offers support to the body and its muscles. It also makes it possible to fight without quare of insect life, those of us who have not noticed any ants or other insects do some vigorous leaps crash landing heavy blows, suffer occasional burials bytes and the stress of flying rarely cause damage that can be very serious. also the exoskeleton makes the vast majority of insects waterproofs by a waxy layer that is located on the surface of the exoskeleton. If it were not so the relationship between the surface area and volume of an insect would cause a rapid loss of water in dry area. Just think of grasshoppers in the middle of summer in a corn field, where the exoskeleton did not provide such protection dries immediatamente.L 'exoskeleton tends to be stratified, similar to a real shell. Influence every aspect of the biology of insects, arthropods and since he is a feature common to all animli appertanenti in that order. Support, protection, locomotion, growth and development, a key role in every aspect of this is determined dall'esoscheletro. The exoskeleton consists of a multilayered cuticle, thick. A good percentage is formed by Chirino carvoidrato luno flexible and is similar in structure to cellulose. The molecules of chitin are combined together to form fibrils that sell strti oblique deposited in different orientations, giving the cuticle a ecellent impact resistance. The cuticle u be divided into several layers: the innermost known as endocuticola, a thin middle layer called esocuticola, a surface layer that epicuticola. Chitin is a major component exoskeleton is "immersed" in a mass of several types of proteins. The epidermis produces and releases substances called phenols in curicola who sell ossidari to quinones, which bind to various protein molecules. The quinones sono fondamentali nella resistenza dell'endoscheletro in quanto unendo con legami trasversali le varie proteine che lo compongono, i chinoni convertono la sostanza fondamentale molle della cuticola nell'escocheletro duro. La durezza dell'esoscheletro quindi è direttamente proporzionale alla quantità di legami trasversali formati formati dai chinoni con le moelcole proteiche che costituiscono la cuticola. In genere le aree indurite sono definite
scleriti.
L'esoscheletro è dunque una componente fondamentale della morfologia degli insetti, anche le ali della maggior parte dei Lepidotteri che sono rivestite da squame. Non tutte le parti della cuticola è rigida come una scleriti.
4) THE METAMORPHOSIS: allows insects to enjoy the best of both worlds as they grow and reproduce, such as the caterpillar is little more than a machine devouring leaves, and then evolve into a multi-colored butterfly. Under ideal conditions the fruit fly (Drosophila) widely used as a model organism in genetics, produce 25 generations per year. The females lay about 100 eggs, half of which develop into males and half females. Finally the insects terrestrial land plants depend for food. In fact, many species of insects have co-evolved with certain species of plants, especially angiosperms (the flowering plants). The majority of angiosperms depends on pollination by insects and many species of insects rely on nectar and pollen ome food. Pech plants and insects have evolved adaptations that promote this mutually beneficial relationship, the diversity of plants contributed to the diversity of insects, and vice versa.
Despite the incredible variety and diversity, insects molri share fundamental characteristics . The body consists of a head principilamente a chest and abdomen. The garment is a protective capsule and a center for sensory reception and food; contains the cerebral ganglion (Brain or cerebral or sicerevro specifically) and typically bears compound eyes made up from more simple eyes deti ocelli, a pair of antennae and mouthparts. The thorax is the real center locomotive of an insect. Other general features which meet at each insect are 3 pairs of legs, 1 or 2 pairs of wings, all present on a chest in 3 segments. Insects are the only invertebrates provided with wings. After briefly analyzing what characteristics made them able to govern a wide variety of ecological niches ... let's see some of the most important orders.
A classic example of beauty in form and color associated with the functionality that derives ... Many species have a significant locomotor versatility: many species can crawl, walk, swim, fly and some are even able to run, jump, dive or glide. Versatility of movement made possible thanks to some unique characteristics of their limbs. A game of paramount importance is given dall'esoscheletro hard that can leverage the principles of levers. The leg of an insect, but this is true for all arthropods in general, is a real lever whose free end along a relatively large when relatively small muscle contractions that move the tip acts as a fulcrum. In this evolutionary forces produced arts suitable for rapid locomotion while others are adapted for atrti movimenri slower or powerful ecessari to dig tunnels to raise, or hold. In addition, a second character is that the concentration of forces locomotives in the legs allows the animal to maintain a continuous forward movement, for example, a worm must make a peristaltic movement to move forward movement in which every body has to stop before segmnto could move again, it follows that the energy expenditure to overcome the inertia is high, because the movement acceleration and deceleration should the whole body mass, such as in an insect that is not a problem because after you place moviemnto in idle speed automatic and only needs to accelerate the limbs, whose mass is small compared with the whole body. Also third important character is that the limb of all arthropods very structured, divided into 5 or more parties are connected to multiple parts to be hinged joints.
Insects have six legs, and the movement of each of these legs must be synchronized properly to prevent tangling of feet when moving. The legs move in an orderly sequence, starting with the rear wheels.
Other insects are experienced nuotarori: the ditiscidae beetle, Some insects use the jet propulsion. An example are the larvae of anisotteri.
Other means of locomotion by insects is a very good use of the flight.
The mechanism of insect flight has always been an object of study, and is more complicated than you might imagine, in fact, unlike the wings of birds, true and modified their limbs, insect wings are extensions of the body, in other words the insects were able to evolve the ability to fly without having to convert art clinics in the wings! The wings of insects, like the legs, are the real levers complex, which revolve around a core formed by the lateral chest wall of the body. To move using the muscles are able to deform the chest. Placing himself in motion musculoskeletal chest-wing oscillates very rapidly and only occasionally are needed for nerve impulses to keep it running. an example? the inset of belonging to the order Hymenoptera: Flies, wasps, bees, ants here are representatives of this order exceptions are made for the ants do not fly, the wings of other components of this order are unique in their structure. They have two pairs of membranous wings, hind wings of the bodi, are secured with a relatively small number of tiny hooks (hamula) to the rear edges of the forewings, the largest, has quieted the functionality available to improve the efficiency of flight by lead wings as functional units unique. 
(If you enlarge the image below by clicking on it you can observe the movement of the wings)
(If you enlarge the image below by clicking on it you can observe the movement of the wings) insects with high wing beat frequencies using muscles move the wings indirect flight to deform the chest (as shown above), muscles that are attached directly sull'esoscheletro chest and wings. Another peculiar ono
the mouthparts, and many insects that feed on liquids, they do so by purchasing ICCO sugar nectar from flowers. 
are a group including butterflies, moths, moths, Flen, During at least is done to suck the liquid where the insects drink the nectar of the extended proboscis penetrates deep into the flower and carries the nectar in the alimentary canal. Another feature of butterflies is the presence of two pairs of membranous wings, covered with very large scales imbricate, those of posterior pair are smaller. Typically, the body is covered with scales or hairs.
The larvae of these butterflies are commonly known as caterpillars and are phytophagous (ie appreciate leaves as food). An example of a moth is the beautiful monarch butterfly, in this video: video # 2 
monarch butterfly can be seen as using its trunk to suck the nectar.
monarch butterfly can be seen as using its trunk to suck the nectar. Even honeybees, visit flowers and collect the nectar through a mouth parts but it is not tubular and coiled under the head when at rest.
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